Contemporary Chinese Law in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Contemporary Chinese Law in Context - Essay Example 4). Conventional Chinese Laws were drilled in China in any event, during the last 50% of twentieth century. The conventional laws were exceptionally affected by philosophical and political principles proliferated by Confucius. Along these lines, the customary Chinese laws, government guidelines and corrective code had Philosophical impact (The Spirit of Traditional Chinese Law n.d., p. 2-3). This paper manages a portion of the Chinese laws which were modified and those which have stayed up with the progressions achieved by monetary globalization. While a portion of the current laws were changed like the Competition law, social law, Property laws, some new laws like Food and Beverages Law, Antimonopoly Law, and so on were presented. This paper audits a portion of those laws by concentrating on the conditions which required presentation of new laws, parts of new laws, their usage and viability in the Chinese Society. Simultaneously, this paper likewise looks at arrangement of laws basi ng upon their development just as their restrictions or disadvantages. Chinese laws after 1976 to 2013: Contemporary laws: westernization Chinese legitimate framework got modernized simply after the nation earned its Republic status, and particularly after the rule of Qing administration. The impacts of Cultural Revolution required the necessity for detailing of some new laws and renewal of a few. It has been seen that, during the most recent thirty years China has invested most amounts of energy in actualizing lawful arrangements. Not just this, China has likewise made huge measure of progress in rethinking its lawful standards, advancement and developments in organizations and frameworks relating to laws and guidelines. Cutting edge Chinese laws are intended for serving long haul objectives. A portion of these incorporate adjusting open conduct, family arranging strategies, appropriate working of social frameworks, or more all creation up for imperfections that were submitted by C hinese legitimate frameworks before modernization (Dingjian 2010, p. 40). After some time, the legitimate changes in China have been aftereffects of direct impact of lawful frameworks of created Western nations. Be that as it may, China has mixed them with their particular issues and has altered the laws to make a framework which would best fill its need. So as to present another conduct model, China needed to present new legitimate guidelines. Accordingly, present day Chinese lawful ideas are targeting taking care of business an enormous scope, appropriate and predictable legitimate structure for China (Dingjian 2010, p. 41-42). The Chinese lawful framework can likewise be separated into two general classes the state made laws and the non-state made laws. State made Law All the proper demonstrations and guidelines that are detailed and executed as of late are grouped under this class. The state laws comprise of standard legitimate arrangements and techniques and in each perspective are held better than non-state laws. Chinese laws are directed by different specialists, and the division of intensity is incorporated. In this way, China has an all around characterized law and guidelines for its residents, along these lines advancing equity and harmony (China's Current Legislation Structure). Non-State made law The non-state laws alludes to those classified and un-arranged laws and guidelines that are polished in a country without keeping up any global show. Various such laws could

The War on Terrorism Has Not Compromised Civil Liberties Essay

The War on Terrorism Has Not Compromised Civil Liberties In the wake of 9/11, the United States of America started to battle a war on terrorism.â Many in this nation would state we really began a war against ourselves.â One contention is the war on psychological oppression has started to dissolve our common liberties.â Have our common freedoms truly been mishandled or have they been somewhat changed by the Patriot Act to ensure all Americans best interests?â To completely shield Americans from future fear based oppressor assaults checking, the Foreign Terrorist Tracking Task Force, and the Patriot Act have been basic segments. Many gripe the war on fear mongering has attacked their entitlement to privacy.â People are stressed their telephone discussions and web use are being monitored.â The fact of the matter is just those associated with psychological militants acts are in effect firmly observed by the government.â The truth of the matter is we need military courts, detainment programs, checking of web and telephone movement and lawyer customer discussions to shield all Americans from future fear based oppressors assault (Ashcroft).â Any individual being checked by the administration is told before hand.â For instance; a prisoner who's lawyer customer discussion is by and large firmly checked realize they are being caught and must be indicted for data relating to psychological warfare or future psychological oppressor attacks.â According to John Ashcroft observing discussions is one of the numerous means expected to battle psychological warfare. Migrants dread extradition from the United States and feel their privileges have been abused since 9/11.â Our legislature has ingrained this dread by passing the Patriot Act.â The Patriot Act spilled out of a draft bill coursed by the Department of Justice in the wake of the 9/11 fear based oppressor assaults (Byr... ...e Senate Judiciary Committee.â He said to frighten the American individuals into losing their freedoms just guides the fear based oppressors, for they disintegrate our national solidarity and decrease our resolve† (Davies). Works Cited * Ashcroft, John. The War on Terrorism Has Not Eroded Civil Liberties.â â Civil Liberties: Opposing Viewpoints.â Ed. Auriana Ojeda.â New York: Greenhaven Press, 2004. * Byrd, Robert C.â Losing America.â pgs: 45-49â New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2004.â * Davies, Frank.â Common Liberties: Ashcroft Defends U.S. antiterror tactics.â Detroit Free Press.â 7 December 2001.â 6 November 2004.â <http://www.freep.com/news/nw/ash7_20011207.htm>. * Hannity, Sean.â Let Freedom Ring.â pg: 133â New York: Regan Books, 2002.â * Hendrickson, David C., and Robert W. Tucker.â The Sources of American Legitimacy.â Foreign Affairs.â New York: 2004.â

Blog Archive MBA News Taking the GMAT Cold

Blog Archive MBA News Taking the GMAT Cold Preparing for the GMAT is perhaps one of the most time-consuming components of your business school application. If you have ever wondered how you would fare taking the test cold, you might want to first read about one such experience recounted in Bloomberg Businessweek. Unlike the one-half of test-takers who devote at least 51 hours to preparing, the author takes the exam without studying at all and manages to pull off a surprisingly respectable 640â€"placing her below the average scores, yet within the admissions range for a number of top-ranking business schools (550â€"789 for HBS and 630â€"790 for Wharton, for example). That said, although a 640 is a respectable “cold” score, we would assume that with extensive preparation, this candidate could improve significantly. Our advice may defy the point of her article, but we would suggest that she prep and take the test again to increase her chances of gaining that coveted letter of acceptance. Share ThisTweet News

America s College Promise Act Essay - 1535 Words

Introduction America always considers education as a basic need to develop one s personality and character. This is why it proclaims that every student in America deserves a fair chance at a higher education. It is common belief that a highly educated pool of workforce can better help in economy s growth competing on global front. America’s College Promise Act is also an effort to promote higher education and make it affordable for economically weaker section of the society. This act was unveiled by president Obama by initiating a two year community college program free of cost for responsible students. This scheme is aimed to let the students earn first half of their bachelor s degree and earn needed skills at no cost. This Act also relieved many students of a lot of stress that they experience in college due to the high prices that only few can pay with little struggle. The opportunity for education should be easily attainable by any citizen to further progress the country and its popula tion. The America’s College Promise Act, therefore, is not only beneficial for the general population but also for economic prosperity. Overview The America’s college promise act was proposed by president Obama and introduced by Sen. Tammy Baldwin and Rep. Bobby Scott on 8 July, 2016. The main objective of this act is to make higher education affordable for all. This bill if passed is expected to appropriate around $1.4 billion in Financial year 2016 and $79.7 billion over the periodShow MoreRelatedAmerica s College Promise Act Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesof alleviating students’ debt is the America’s College Promise Act, more commonly known as the Heads Up America Campaign. Furthermore, I had the privilege of interviewing Claudia Chan, the Government Relations Manager of LaGuardia Community College whose has been working with different groups across campus around the Heads Up America Campaign. Patrick Lavilla: Hi Claudia, tell us a little bit about yourself and your role in the Heads Up America Campaign. Claudia Chan: Hello Patrick, I’m ClaudiaRead MoreA Poor Solution For America s Shortcoming1625 Words   |  7 PagesWelfare. A major issue in today’s society is the debate over free community college tuition. Even though some say free community college tuition would be one step closer to saving Americas crumbling lower class, community college tuition should not be completely free. An education from a community college is already very affordable even for those who are from low-income families. On top of being affordable, free community college tuition as it stands today is easily exploitable by those who don’t needRead MoreThe 2016 Democratic Party Presidential Primaries And Caucuses1487 Words   |  6 Pagesastronomical problem for Americans today and more so, for future Americans. College tuition have been rising for the past 40 years and will continue to do so exponentially. In an asset management report done by J.P.Morgan in 2014, the firm projects the cost of private universities to be at roughly $90,000, and $40,000 for public four-year universities in the year of 2030 (Badkar). If the government remains dormant toward this issue, college students 20 years from now, will be burdened by an even bigger pileRead MoreNew College Compact Or College For All Act?1555 Words   |  7 PagesNew College Compact or College for All Act? The 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses are a series of ongoing heated battles between Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. One of the most prominent topic is the issue of student debt. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, student loans have quadrupled since 2004, to $1.2 trillion (Brown). This insurmountable debt is an astronomical problem for Americans today and more so, for future Americans. College tuition has beenRead MoreTuition Free Public Colleges And Universities1619 Words   |  7 PagesTuition-Free Public Colleges and Universities: The Way to Go At the dawn of the twentieth-century, the movement that made a high school diploma widely available for every child in the United States, regardless of the income of their family, solidified America’s place as the home of the most educated workforce in the world, and helped to drive decades of economic prosperity. Now, nearly one-hundred years have passed, and other countries around the globe are catching up. In some cases, foreign nationsRead MoreIs The United States Be Ran By A Black Man?1157 Words   |  5 Pagesmoved back to Hawaii to live with his Grandparents,While living with his grandparents, He enrolled in the esteemed Punahou Academy. Obama excelled in basketball and graduated with academic honors in 1979.After high school, Obama studied at Occidental College in Los Angeles for two years. He then transferred to Columbia University in New York City, graduating in 1983 with a degree in political science. After working in the business sector for two years, Obama moved to Chicago in 1985. There, he workedRead MoreAmerica Is Not A Democracy1592 Words   |  7 Pages How America is not a Democracy â€Å"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America...and to the republic for which it stands...one nation under God, indivisible, with Liberty and Justice for all.† (â€Å"Is the United States a Democracy?†) The United States’ pledge is taught to children of all ages, plays an active role in the patriotism of the people, and it symbolizes the citizen’s promise to never violate the Republic of the United States of America. The founding fathers built the foundationRead MoreEssay on LBJs Great Society699 Words   |  3 Pageshis vision of a Great Society in America. This Great Society included an end to poverty and racial injustice, and also was intended to turn America into a place where kids can enhance their mind, broaden their talents, and people could restore their connection with the environment. In order to reach his goal, LBJ enacted numerous proposals involving taxes, civil rights, poverty, and much more. For the most part Joh nson did an excellent job on delivering his promises, but international affairs threatenedRead MoreLyndon B. Johnson s The Great Society1450 Words   |  6 Pagesof what the common people live through each day. Programs for education, the end of poverty, conservation of the wild, housing, social security and the list goes on and on. So how did the Great Society improve or try to improve people’s lives in America by trying to end poverty and discrimination through programs for education and what are the effects today? Lyndon B. Johnson inspired by Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to create something similar to the New Deal that attempted to help the less advantagedRead MoreThe World Is Flat, By Thomas Friedman1425 Words   |  6 Pagescatching up and in the words of Thomas Friedman, in The World is Flat, [we] simply are not educating, or even interesting, enough of our own young people in advanced math, science, and engineering (349). Therefore, we must combat this issue at hand. America has grown idle due to the achievements of previous ideas and although we have been amusing ourselves, bathing in our own narcissism, we are no longer at the top, no longer a positive anomaly. We aren’t producing skilled and knowledgeable workers to

Analytical Essay Super Size Me - 1351 Words

Welcome to At the Movies on ABC 1 and as usual I’m your host, _______. Tonight we’ll be reviewing the socially critical 2004 documentary, â€Å"Super Size Me† directed by and starring Morgan Spurlock. The film documents the 30 day period in which Morgan Spurlock ate three meals a day consisting of nothing but McDonalds whilst following these four rules: he can only eat things on sale, he must super size his meal if asked, he must eat everything on the menu at least once and lastly he must restrict himself to the ‘average’ amount of exercise, typical of the American population. It also documents the drastic effects this lifestyle has on Spurlock’s physical and psychological, wellbeing, and explores the fast food industry’s corporate influence,†¦show more content†¦This was achieved through cunning and intelligent choices as to what was filmed and what was cut out. He had also employed a number of other techniques such as camera angles, shot composition, editing and intentional use of music to accompany the visuals. Through these techniques Spurlock has effectively positioned the audience to accept his views on America’s aforementioned obesity epidemic. Spurlock has positioned the audience to accept a somewhat version of the truth as not all sides of the story are given a voice. The way in which Spurlock presents himself to the audience has also deliberately been altered to position the audience to coincide with the attitudes he’s presenting throughout the documentary. Spurlock intentionally wore relaxed clothing and spoke directly to the audience in order to position the audience to feel comfortable accepting Spurlock’s attitudes towards America’s obesity crisis. (INCLUDE FOOTAGE HERE) To further position and help the audience connect with Spulock, he has introduced them to his fiancà © who’s a vegan chef which will be in juxtaposition to the unhealthy food served by most fast food restaurants. These inclusions have positioned the audience to feel close and trusting of Spurlock so that his opinions could be accepted. The use of irony during this documentary has been used because if the audience finds something humorous and therefore having a positive reaction, they are more likely to accept what is being represented.Show MoreRelatedcafes monte bianco case analysis4234 Words   |  17 Pagesappropriate analytical, financial and quantitative analyses to arrive at your conclusions. At times, it may be appropriate to visually present these quantitative analyses to the class. Preparation of the case with your group is highly recommended. It is expected that all groups will work on every case, irrespective of whether you turn in a written document or not. Towards determining the level of detail that we may need to discuss the case in class, I will require that every group send me an e-mailRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesGRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -School application essays : with analysis by the staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaperRead MoreBook to Study English for Chemistry12934 Words   |  52 PagesORGANIC CHEMISTRY 10 Carbon Facts Comparison of Adjectives Organic Nomenclature Word Order 47 Unit 8 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY Environmental Chemistry Green Chemistry Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry Hazard Symbols Relative Pronouns 54 Unit 9 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Titration Mathematical Operations Flame Tests Articles 61 Unit 10 EVERYDAY CHEMISTRY Everyday Chemistry Modal Verbs Abstract 69 Bibliography 76 4 INTRODUCTION The following material has been created during the two years of teachingRead MoreA Study on Financial Performance Analysis at Vijay Textiles Ltd17842 Words   |  72 PagesANALYSIS† is submitted by me to Osmania University is a bonafide work undertaken by me and it is not submitted to any other University or Institute for the award of any Degree / Diploma / Certificate or published any time before. . Place: Hyderabad Signature Date: (Folasayo Adesioye) HT. No 073-07-189 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS At the out set, I wish to express my sincere thanks to almighty for showering his blessing on me to develop this projectRead MoreGlobalization or Glocalisation? Networks, Territories and Rescaling12782 Words   |  52 Pagesargument is the idea that social life is process based, in a state of perpetual change, transformation and reconï ¬ guration (see Harvey 1996). Starting analysis from a given geographical scale, such as the local, regional, national or global, seems to me, therefore, to be deeply antagonistic to apprehending the world in a dynamic, process-based manner. This has profound implications for the signiï ¬ cance of spatial scale. I conceive scalar conï ¬ gurations as the outcome of socio-spatial processes that regulateRead MoreKhasak14018 Words   |  57 Pagesmagnum opus. His literary progress was not swift as he had to tackle hurdles, hostile critics, prejudices and even insinuational plagiarism. On the whole, he has contributed six novels, seve n collections of short stories, six collections of political essays and a volume of satire. He has also translated his own works into English. He was a true visionary and India’s foremost fabulist in the recent past. His writing is as evocative as that of William Cuthbert Faulkner and Gabriel Garcia Marquez. SpeakingRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesDutchess Community College; James E. Parejko, Chicago State University; Robert Sessions, Kirkwood Community College; and Stephanie Tucker, California State University Sacramento. Thinking and writing about logical reasoning has been enjoyable for me, but special thanks go to my children, Joshua, 8, and Justine, 3, for comic relief during the months of writing. This book is dedicated to them. For the 2012 edition: This book is dedicated to my wife Hellan whose good advice has improved the bookRead Morecase study: the Home Depot19454 Words   |  78 Pageshousing was the item on which in the years 1996 to 1999 was most money spended. In this time there were a lot of people not looking for new houses but instead of that they undertook a renovation. In these years the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) and the Do-It-For-Me (DIFM) projects grew in quantity. This was among others due to the fact that a lot of houses, built before 1980, need repair. There are also some specific neighbourhoods, which have restrictions on building new houses in the neighbourhood. These twoRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages168 How Creative Are You ? 169 Innovative Attitude Scale 171 Creative Style Assessment 172 SKILL LEARNING 174 Problem Solving, Creativity, and Innovation 174 Steps in Analytical Problem Solving 174 Defining the Problem 174 Generating Alternatives 176 Evaluating Alternatives 176 Implementing the Solution 177 Limitations of the Analytical Pro blem-Solving Model 178 Impediments to Creative Problem Solving 178 Multiple Approaches to Creativity 179 Conceptual Blocks 183 Percy Spencer’s Magnetron 185 SpenceRead MoreGame Theory and Economic Analyst83847 Words   |  336 Pagesmimeograph copy. Aumann, R. J. (1999), â€Å"Interactive epistemology: I and II,† International Journal of Game Theory, 28, 265–319. Binmore, K. (1987), â€Å"Modeling rational players,† Economics and Philosophy, 3 and 4. Binmore, K. (1996), Introduction to Essays on Game Theory, J. F. Nash, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar. Binmore, K. and Dasgupta, P. (1986), eds, Economic Organizations as Games, Oxford, Basil Blackwell. Binmore, K. and Dasgupta, P. (1987), The Economics of Bargaining, Oxford, Basil Blackwell

Roosevelt, Jefferson, Washington, And Fdr Essay - 1908 Words

When presenting the question of who deserves the title of best President of the United States, one would not be surprised to find Lincoln, Jefferson, Washington, and FDR as the frontrunners. While each of these presidents was undisputedly successful and groundbreaking in their own right, all fall short to America’s first modern president- Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt, assuming office at the turn of the century, redefined and reimagined the role of the president and the executive officialdom. By expanding the powers of the presidency, Roosevelt was able to move the country forward in both the international arena and on the home front. Roosevelt’s vast success can greatly be attributed to his charisma, character, and persuasion skills. He understood that the art of governing was truly the power to persuade, and he mastered the trade. Roosevelt not only improved life domestically as he fought against inequality and corrupt business practices, but he also achieved his goal of gaining influence abroad, thus earning the United States a powerful platform on the global stage. Roosevelt’s natural leadership, charm, bravery, and compassion combined with his thorough understanding of the country’s needs, both for the individual and for the long-term well being of the country, made him the most successful president in United States history. Roosevelt, taking office in 1901 after the assassination of President McKinley, inherited a unique situation-America was, for the first time,Show MoreRelatedThe Roosevelt Administration : Prioritizing Domestic Over Foreign Policy1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration: Prioritizing Domestic over Foreign Policy Juna Kalo Charles Kraus HIST 2340W November 5, 2014 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States, was elected into office in 1932, a time of economic recession as a result of the New York stock market crash of 1929. During his vice presidential campaign, FDR had run on a platform that endorsed the League of Nations. However as a newly inaugurated President Roosevelt had to face theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Presidential Leadership Harry Truman1206 Words   |  5 Pageslack of success, of an American president is tied to the effectiveness of their presidential leadership. President Harry Truman served the American people as president from 1945 to 1953; he became president suddenly after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt amidst the end of World War II. Truman’s presidency would carry into the aftermath of World War II and see the beginning of the Cold War. A tenacious man, he led the country from isolation into the beginning of modern American foreign policy.Read MoreNineteen Days That Unexpectedly Chang ed America979 Words   |  4 Pages10 Days that Unexpectedly Changed America Summer Reading Test On December 3, 1901, a few months after the death of President William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt addressed the United States. He said, â€Å"Indeed, from every quarter of the civilized world we received, at the time of the President’s death, assurances of such grief and regard as to touch the hearts of our people. In the midst of our affliction we reverently thank the Almighty that we are at peace with the nations of mankind; and we firmlyRead More1936 Presidential Election1954 Words   |  8 Pagesterms of electoral votes since Monroe’s in 1820 (Boller, P.249). In this election, Franklin Delano Roosevelt also known as FDR campaigned on his New Deal programs against the Kansas Governor Alf Landon. Governor Alf Landon argued that the New deal programs were unconstitutional and it would affect the business (Kelly). FDR enters the election with a strong, but not unbeatable, hand. The measures that FDR took during his first term in the White House didn’t produce prosperity. But they were able toRead MoreThe Role Of The President Of The United States1282 Words   |  6 Pages when looking at George Washington who served as the first president, he only has two clerks, household servants and a secretary (Galvin, 2014). However, as the population increases and enormous growth in the economy are experienced, the office of the president has become too powerful thereby requiring a workforce of about 1500 professional people. The United States has a complex structure and machinery of governance. For example, since the presidency of George Washington, different presidents haveRead MorePolitical Characteristics of Presidents Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagesof Americas large political parties generate differing historical myths, behind which are hidden ideological and sociological differences. The Democrats have developed their myths around giants in American politics such as Jefferson, Jackson, Wilson and the second Roosevelt in order to present themselves as the party of democratization, freedom and progress, as a veritable peoples party. The Republicans refer to themselves as the Grand Old Party (GOP) and have built their myths up around AbrahamRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 Pages Henry VIII Salutary neglect George Washington Stamp Act Elizabeth I Massachusetts Bay Colony Marquis de Montcalm Hessians Navigation Laws 7 Years War Mercantilism New France House of Burgesses Glorious Revolution Royal Charter Quakers Proclamation of 1763 Thomas Paine Squatter Mayflower Compact Edict of Nantes Horatio Gates Primogeniture Huguenots John Hancock Thomas Jefferson Indentured servant Church of England Read MoreThe Whig Theory And The Federalist Party1823 Words   |  8 Pagesby the constitution. There were a few presidents that supported both theories but I am only going to focus on one for each. For the Whig theory I will discuss the Taft administration, and for the Stewardship theory I will discuss the Theodore Roosevelt administration. Taft believed that the president should rely on the guidance of congress and that congress should have most of the power. He said himself, â€Å"The true view of the executive function†¦is that the President can exercise no power whichRead MoreThe American Political Tradition and the Men Who Made It Essay7033 Words   |  29 Pagescreated, including the Founding Fathers who started it all. Additionally, Hofstadter informs the reader of other significant government officials including Andrew Jackson and his democracy, the progressive, trustbuster Theodore Roosevelt, and ending with Franklin D. Roosevelt and his programs of the New Deal. Richard Hofstadters ideas are brilliantly elucidated with his stunning choice of words and information. He begins the background with none other than the original American politicians - the FoundingRead MorePresidential Success And Its Impact On The State Of Nation3662 Words   |  15 Pagesleadership. These top-tier individuals elected to the presidency uses the resources and personal characteristics to lead them to success and greatness, in some cases, some more than others. I have provided a case study between Presidents Van Buren and Roosevelt to show how the internal and external factors lead one president to be one of the greatest and most successful presidents in U.S history, while the other is regarded as one of the more unsuccessful and worst presidents. Presidential success is distinguished

Marketing Hedge Funds in Europe free essay sample

This paper discusses the idea and obstacles about marketing hedge funds in Europe. This paper looks at the history of pooled monetary funds. It discusses the difficulties experienced throughout recent history to get this concept publicly accepted but how, now, this is a very popular institution. It examines one example of this concept Hedge funds, and the difficulties faced in marketing this concept in Europe. From the paper: The idea of pooling money together for the purpose of investing started in Europe in the mid-1800s. The first pooled fund in the United States was created in 1893 for the faculty and staff of Harvard University. On March 21, 1924, the first mutual fund was started in the United States. It was called the Massachusetts Investor?s Trust. It grew from $50,000 in assets in 1924 to $392,000 one year later with approximately 200 shareholders. Today there are over 10000 in mutual funds in the US today totaling around $7 trillion dollars with approximately 83 million investors, according to Dustin Woodard at About. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Hedge Funds in Europe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page com.

Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay Example

Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay Nowadays, because of the technology and the remarkable evolution, there has been a solution for everything. Especially the many solutions that newly emerging for different diseases of our modern times. One of those deployed solutions in our present is the transportation of organs such as transplanting heart, liver or even the transfer of stem cells tissues. Stem cells used to cure many diseases and save lives of many people. When it comes to transplantation of stem cells, scientists usually get stem cells from two sources from either embryos or adults. The main disaster that scientists and doctors are facing it, is that getting stem cells from the embryo leads inevitably to his death without a prospect of survival. This leads to depriving one of life versus someone elses life. That is why many governments around the world have differed about the transplant of stem cells from embryos. Some governments prevented sacrificing embryos for others lives; other governments legalize and allow the transplantation based on medical research, ethical aspects, and government policy. Medical research has proven that stem cell transplantation affects both the involved embryos and victims of diseases who are in desperate need of these cells. Some people may argue that governments must not allow the uses of embryonic stem cells; they think of the ability that scientists have nowadays to find solutions for these malignant diseases without touching embryos. Especially in our present, where technology and advanced tools were available for scientists in order to facilitate their work. For example, applying the new researches that focus on the eradication of stem cells without any harm to the fetus. Although, scientists can work on it until it become more suitable for applying it to humans without the loss of more lives. However, doctors do not have the patience to wait for the expected results of this research. We will write a custom essay sample on Embryonic Stem Cell Research specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Embryonic Stem Cell Research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Embryonic Stem Cell Research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The main reason for this is the death of pe

Free Essays on Gender Differences in Communications

don’t work as they expected, or even spark resentment and anger. Both women and men could benefit from learning each other’s styles. Many women could learn from men to accept some conflict and differences without seeing it as a threat to intimacy, and many men could learn from women to accept interdependence without seeing it as a threat to their freedom. This paper will evaluate the differences between genders in communication. Part of the study consists in showing that those differences are due to the differences between men and women of course, but that they are also very dependent on the environment into which the conversation takes place. Many cross-gender communication studies only examine verbal communication between a man and a woman, disregarding the environment and therefore fail to completely isolate the interlocutors. An interlocutor is one who takes part in a conversation. The first part of the paper will examine why there is a need to understand gender communication, and the relation between different world-views and gender communication. The second part of the paper will ... Free Essays on Gender Differences in Communications Free Essays on Gender Differences in Communications Gender Differences in Communications Gender communication is communication about and between men and women (Ivy and Backlund, 1994). Recognizing gender differences in communication enables both sexes to communicate better with each other. According to Deborah Tannen, (1992, p 17), many women and men feel dissatisfied with their close relationships and become even more frustrated when they try to talk things out. There are gender differences in ways of speaking, and a need to identify and understand them. Without such understanding, we are doomed to blame others or ourselves-or the relationship- for the otherwise mystifying and damaging effects of our contrasting conversational styles. Pretending that women and men are the same hurts women, because the ways they are treated are based on the norms for men, and are nonplussed when their words don’t work as they expected, or even spark resentment and anger. Both women and men could benefit from learning each other’s styles. Many women could learn from men to accept some conflict and differences without seeing it as a threat to intimacy, and many men could learn from women to accept interdependence without seeing it as a threat to their freedom. This paper will evaluate the differences between genders in communication. Part of the study consists in showing that those differences are due to the differences between men and women of course, but that they are also very dependent on the environment into which the conversation takes place. Many cross-gender communication studies only examine verbal communication between a man and a woman, disregarding the environment and therefore fail to completely isolate the interlocutors. An interlocutor is one who takes part in a conversation. The first part of the paper will examine why there is a need to understand gender communication, and the relation between different world-views and gender communication. The second part of the paper will ...

The Benefits Of College Sports Speech or Presentation

The Benefits Of College Sports - Speech or Presentation Example Instead, they opt to spend the period set aside for sports studying, socializing or shopping.College sports have been beneficial for students who are offered scholarships based on their sporting prowess in games including tennis, American football, basketball and swimming (Shulman and Bowen 154). Students from marginalized communities benefit immensely from such programs. Most colleges in Europe do not pay the deserved attention to college sports as in other continents (Rosner,Scott and Shropshire 428). This is owing to the shared belief that education is more important than college sports. European varsities do not have the same number of sporting events like the ones in the United States and varsities in other regions of the world. In fact, the experience of college sports is not an important part of the college experience in continental Europe. At its best, most institutions have informal leagues for rugby and soccer. For instance, there are irregular college rugby matches at Twin ckenham between Cambridge and Oxford annually. In addition to, there are inter university events in football and basketball but the situation is still wanting in comparison to other continents. Further study into the topic reveals that college sports do not get enough support from the varsities and the sport departments. It has been observed that there are no sports scholarships in Europe. This adversely affects the sporting landscape in the region, as there are no incentives to take part in sports. This means that that the number of students taking part in college sports is minimal. Secondly, college sports events do not get appropriate coverage. This means students lack the necessary information on sports and those excelling in the sports are not recognized for their efforts. Other continents offer full media and television coverage to such events increasing their popularity among the students. Thirdly, a well-established fan base has a positive impact on the college sports scene (Rosner,Scott and Shropshire 428). Regrettably, the fan base for the various college sports is minimal. This further decreases the popularity of such sports. Additionally, it discourages the participation of any students who would be willing to take part in college sports (Shulman and Bowen 154). Fourthly, college sports do not get the necessary funding to develop and expand its activities. Finally, the college stadiums and facilities in the European varsities are not well developed. This means that those taking part in the sports do not get the appropriate training in a healthy environment. Additionally, the lack of proper training and sporting facilities dampen the efforts of the students taking part in the sports. The issue is no different at Franklin College Switzerland since sports are taken too lightly and denied the deserved attention. This is owing to the fact that too much attention is given to education and other extra curricula activities that are considered more importan t. It has been noted that there are no sporting scholarships offered at Franklin College Switzerland. This leads to the decline in attention paid to sports. The college rarely organizes sporting events within the institution and with other colleges. Additionally, the stadium at the institution has an inadequate space to accommodate various sporting activities. The college

Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Death Penalty - Essay Example Death penalty has been a controversial issue in the international community. Many nations have been disturbed and argued about the best way it can be handled. This has made generation of questions on how best the capital offenders can be punished in order to have justice for both the offenders and victims of the circumstances. The bill of rights supports the right of individuals to live and associate freely. On the other hand, the same legal provision is also used to condemn capital offenders to death sentence. The religious community questions the legality of the death sentences and at the same time urges citizens to follow the law. It is still ironical when they defend the law breakers. Many countries stress that the justice system must be observed for the victims. Several views have been given on this issue. They are legal, religious, political and socialist perspectives. There are arguments about the pros and cons of execution. Publicized studies have also confirmed that many innocent people have been wrongly executed. On the other hand, the issue of terrorism is a threat to state, especially when the perpetrators are not brought to book. What should be the best action to take? This has brought divergent views. Generally, opinion is divided on the step to take on this issue. Some people insinuate that it will be very expensive on the tax payer’s side if execution is allowed. It costs about between two to five times more to execute a criminal than to maintain a criminal in the prison for the rest of the life (Paternoster and Bacon 91). Those against argue that the financial amount required is pegged on the long court procedures, legal wrangling and many endless appeals. A criminal can be on death row for up to 20 years (Baumgartner, Boydstun and De Boef 47). This is very expensive for the state due to the said legal procedures. Supporters of the death penalty state that it is better to use state resources to penalize the murderers in order to save lives of innocent people. They categorically state that this action creates crime deterrent. Crime would always be on the increase if there is no any stern action taken against these people (Vaughn 98). According to research carried out in P ennsylvania alone, there are ineffective defense attorneys who fail to conduct satisfactory investigations to support their clients. This has lead to conviction of innocent suspects, especially those involved in complicated cases (Hood and Hoyle 105). Many cases are confirmed that some lawyers made mistakes and the judges have made rulings based on their findings. It is also argued that death penalty is barbaric form of punishment. Paternoster and Bacon state that all forms of death penalty are unfair (55). In exemplifying this, the argument states, whether it is through lethal injection, hanging, using the firing squad or electric chair, this state sanctioned murder is not fair before a crowd of people (Paternoster and Bacon 56). For instances, California physicians refused the demand by the government to use lethal injection as a means of execution hence execution was stopped. They claimed that there are many constructive ways in addressing violent crimes and those two wrongs do n ot make a right (Baumgartner, Boydstun and De Boef 78). However, the proponents of death penalty action feel that this is the only way to deter criminals from any further illegal actions. They argue that justice must be served in favour of the victims. Most fundamental legal provision is that punishment should always fit the crime. In addition, justice delayed is justice denied (Morris 70). Those against death penalty sentences say that it is bad because the state should not use killing to show that murder and manslaughter are bad. There should be another appropriate method. Prison alone is effective because life there is quite deterring, as stated by those who are against the death penalty. They quote, ‘

Kenya contributions of foreign aid to economic development

Kenya contributions of foreign aid to economic development Foreign aid is the transfer of capital, goods and services from one country to another. This aid may be given or transferred in form of capital transfers or technical assistance and training for either military or civilian purposes. Foreign aid is often given with conditions attached such as requirement that all or part of it maybe capital be used goods from the donor country or company given as a grant with no repayment obligation or a loan with a condition that the recipient country or nation purchase goods or services with the aid from the donor nation or company. These aids can be classified in to two: Bilateral aid Multilateral aid Bilateral aid is aid transferred from one single state or one country to another. Multilateral aid is aid transferred from alliances of multiple states e.g. international monetary fund. Development on the other side is a social phenomenon and it describes sources that are associated with human beings. It is the extension of the theoretical or practical aspects of a concept, design, discovery, or invention. A process of economic and social transformation which is based on complex cultural and environmental factors and their interactions. It can also be defined as a process of adding improvements to a parcel of land, such as grading, subdivisions, drainage, access, roads, utilities. All these can be used to describe development as the transition from a state of poor livelihood to an improved better state. A multinational corporation is a corporation that has its production facilities or other fixed assets in at least one foreign country and makes its major decision of management in a global context. In production, marketing, research and development and labour relations the multinational corporation makes its decision in terms of the host countrys customs and traditions. In finance many of its problems such as the need to shelter working capital from the risk of devaluation , or the choices between owning or licensing have no domestic counterpart. In addition to foreign exchange risks and the special business risk of operating in unfamiliar environments, there is an issue of political risk that sovereign governments may interfere with operations or even terminate the operations. Corporations invest in other countries for a number of reasons that include opening new markets or holding into the existing ones, to get new sources of raw materials and agricultural production, to take advan tage of cheap resources like labour and others. Some critics argue that these transnational corporations work solely in their own best of interest and exhibit no loyalty to the countries in which they are incorporated. CONTRIBUTIONS: Foreign aid had a lot of contribution to the economy of Kenya some that are positive and others negative. The use of foreign aid in the modern era began in the 18th century this was when Prussia subsided some of its allies. It then developed in to more sophisticated instrument of foreign policy after World War II. International organizations such as United Nation Relief and Rehabilitation Administrations were created to provide aid to countries affected by war and newly freed colonies. About 15% of foreign aid is provided by international bodies while the rest by various non-governmental organizations, Inter national Development association, multinational corporations and the International Finance Corporation: regional development Banks, the UN Development program, the European Development Fund and special agencies of the United Nations such as Food and Agriculture Organization. U.S. Corporations have various motives for establishing a corporate presence in other countries. The main possible motive is the desire of growth. In this case a corporation may have reached plateaus in meeting domestic demands and anticipate little additional growth and so a new foreign market might provide opportunities for new growth. Also through direct foreign investment a corporation may bypass high tariffs that prevent its goods from being competitively priced this is all done because of some corporations desire to escape protectionists policies of an importing country. Other motives include preventing competition and reducing cost. Preventing actual or potential competition from foreign nations is by acquiring their businesses and on the other side reducing cost can be attained through the use of cheap foreign resources like labour in developing countries. Some corporations can lower their costs by shifting some or all of its production facilities to other countries. This can also be done as they have the ability to use foreign subsidiaries to minimize their tax liability. The rise of multinationals which is a relatively recent occurrence has resulted to a great deal of legal ambiguity as they can operate in many area codes. Multinational corporations (MNCs) engage in useful and morally defensible activities in Third World countries Kenya being one of the countries and they have been receiving credits for the activities. Some of the significant activities that these MNCs did was extending of opportunities for earning higher incomes and also opportunity of consuming improved quality of goods and services by people living in areas below the poverty line. Although the MNCs came to Kenya with good intentions, they have misrepresented by fearful and ugly images of Marxists and the Dependency Theory advocates. Because many of these MNCs firms originate from industrialized countries including the U.S., the U.K., Canada Germany France and Italy, they have been viewed as instruments for the imposition of western cultural values on third world countries rather than allies in their economic development. Thus some proponents of these views urge for the expulsion of this firms while others less hostile have argued for their close monitoring or regulation by Third World governments. Close observation or supervision of the nature and activities of the MNCs in the Third World countries reveal a positive image of the firms as the allies in development process of these countries inclusive of Kenya. For the greater wellbeing of the majority of Kenyas poor, it is important that the positive contributions of these firms to the economies become more diversely understood. Even though MNCs may be primarily motivated by profits and low cost to invest in Kenya, the morality of their activities in improving the living standards of Kenyan families, Kenyans should not be obscured through misperceptions or misrepresentations. In Kenya, the firms might have been acknowledged through their high wages to local employees than what they would have earned elsewhere. Also higher rents for land and buildings contributed to their acknowledgement. As much as Kenyans believed they were earning higher wages and rents, the MNCs argued that the wages were still low as compared to wages and rents paid to employees and owners of land and buildings in the developed countries. The above explanation on how wages are paid to employees in Kenya and the developed countries but on the other hand unless workers find it most profitable to work for MNCs at the wages they offer, they would choose employment elsewhere . Similarly unless MNCs can make as much profit as they can make at home as well as compensation for the additional risks taken to invest in Kenya or Third World countries, including the risk of asset satisfaction by a hostile future government they would not venture into those parts of the world. Thus, there has to be net benefits for al parties in transaction that is multi national corporations and the workers or foreign employees for the transactions to exist. However the comparison misses several key points. For example the working conditions of developing countries e.g. Kenya and the working conditions of developed countries were not the same standard. The skills or educational levels of workers in Kenya and those of developed countries are different. The amount of machinery and equipment handled by workers in developed countries are different as compared to the ones that are used in Kenya or in the developing countries. In short the output generated by developed countries is higher than the output generated in the developing countries. The company, who is a major contributor of foreign aid in the world which Kenya is one of the beneficiaries, is SMART Company. There exists a number of smart aid programs achieving results across Kenya in different ways such as fighting disease, boosting agriculture, promoting literacy, helping in trading and attracting investments, giving power or encouraging Kenyans to fight corruption and hold their own governments to account. The smart company has aid in putting Kenyans in school or educating them and has helped in reducing malarial deaths rate. Most of the people living in Kenya are at high risk areas of malaria. A number of people have been dying of the dreaded disease but the aid programs established in Kenya together with the Kenyan government unveiled their ambitious strategy to deliver mosquito nets in in the ratio of two nets per family at risk. Within three years of the start of the program by the donors, case of malaria and death rate had been halved. This success was also brought about by delivering effective malaria treatment at lower costs to Kenyans. Kenya is working to expand access to primary health services particularly through the training of two health extension workers per village with the help of MNCs donors thirty thousand young women have been mobilized to transfer health skills to communities, a vital initiative towards a country where health services often fail to reach those in isolated rural areas. The training of these workers and the provision of disease test kits as well as drugs are all paid for by The Global Fund to fight AIDS, TB and malaria, all these leads to development. In Kenya as in many places in Africa, opening a bank account requires a minimum deposit which is often beyond the reach of poor families. In rural areas, banks can be far away and inconvenient to reach. M-PESA is money is a money transfer system which allows people to deposit, withdraw, and send money by mobile phone without a bank account. The model was piloted by Vodafone with assistance from U.K. department for international development (DFID). it was implemented in early 2007 by Safaricom, Kenyas largest mobile provider at the time. It now has approximately five million users. A worker in Nairobi can open an account at any M-PESA agent, in a local shop, a Safaricom dealer or a petrol station. He or she can deposit earnings into an M-PESA account and transfer money to family members via SMS. The recipients can then go to a local store in their village and cash the SMS using a secret code contained in the short message, and their identification card. Considering that mobile phone subscriptions in sub Saharan Africa grows by more than sixty percent annually. The investment climate facility (ICF) is an initiative that grew from the 2005 commission of Africa and started operations in July 2007. Its aim is to work with receptive African governments to make the continent an even better place to do business. It is currently active in ten African countries and working on four pan-regional projects and two other initiatives. The CIF is funded by eight donor agencies Germany, Ireland , the Netherlands, South Africa, the U.K., the African Development Bank and International Finance Corporation and nine companies Anglo American, the coca cola company, Microsoft, SABMiller, Sasol, Shell Foundation , Standard Bank, Unilever and Zain. The Alliance for Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) is an initiative funded by international donors including the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation. AGRA works to enhance agricultural productivity in Africa, Kenya included by training small holder farmers supporting the development of high yielding seed varieties, and ensuring that farmers have access to good quality seeds, tools, and fertilizer. AGRAs Program for Africas Seed Systems (PASS) provides grants and scholarships to agricultural scientists who then take their knowledge to local communities, working with farmers to see which seed variety best suit their land. AGRA works on innovative ways to make these seeds and their supplies widely available to rural farmers. Since 2006, AGRA has trained and certified over 5000 new agro-dealers, and aims to reach 9000 by 2011. This is having a real impact to farmers: in 2006 in Western Kenya, for example a farmer had to travel a distance of about 17 km to an agro dealer to purchase seeds and fertilizer; today that distance is an average of 5 km. AGRA has also provided loan guarantees through which farmers can access credit to purchase supplies that0 will boost their yields and in this case encouraging development. Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya is of east Africa largest slums and the setting for the recent film, The Constant Gardener, which presents images of grinding poverty tempered by peoples spirit of endurance. It is because of this film that the MNC offers to train the local individuals business skills that will enable them to be self sufficient. This past summer, a six-person team that included two Cornell university graduates and one alumna worked alongside residents of Kibera and Nyota, about three and a half hours North West of Nairobi as part of a project called the Base of Pyramid (BoP) protocol. Headed by Johnson graduate school of managements center for sustainable global enterprise, the project seeks to design and test a new process by which large corporations can work closely with poor communities to create new business opportunity for themselves and the community. Kenya, which is home to a subsidiary of SC Johnson was the firs site chosen to test the protocol. As much as it hasnt been attempted anywhere before, this protocol leaves no doubt about the goodwill of multinational corporations in Kenya. This is related to aid as the company seeks to help those willing poor individuals in the country. This has brought development in Kibera residence. One of the team members, Erik simanis, a doctoral candidate at the Johnson school who co-directs the BoP protocol project said: we think that business partnership between corporations and poor communities, when undertaken in a spirit of mutual respect, can be a powerful way to serve the needs of these communities while creating new opportunities for growth and innovation in the company. Multinational companies in Kenya work hand in hand with the government during or when national disasters occur. For instance, during the 2008 drought season which saw many poor living Kenyan citizens who depended on agriculture as their main source of living get highly affected. This forced the government to seek foreign aid and assistance from donors and weel wishers. Varriour governments across the world donated and participated in the contributions, however, major multinational companies in Kenya took the drivers seat.; this corporationa donated various things varying from food to livestock. The Nokia mobile company, a major phone manufacturing company, donated many containers of maize flour and cooking oil to distribute to affected communities. Other companies such as Barclays Bank, Coca Cola, Nakumatt also participated. Nakumatt supermarket which has many branches across east Africa started a campaign to encourage it customers to donate o the needy. The company thus helped Kenyans assist other Kenyans. Realizing that building healthy communities involve more than just donating dollars, Toyota manufacturing companies runs Volunteers in Place Program (VIP). This program was developed to encourage and recognize team members in the company who volunteer to work in foreign aid while supporting the companies operating principle and firm belief to be a good corporate citizen. Through the years, Toyotas program has become an important volunteer network to respond to needs in the communities where the various Toyota company team members live. For many of Toyotas motor company team members, volunteering is a way of life. For others the desire to volunteer is there but help is needed to get them involved. Thats where the VIP program is most helpful to team members. In addition to volunteering to individual selected charities, team members are given the opportunity to support group volunteer activities and project sponsored by the Toyota Company. This has helped in development of Kenyas economy. TechnoServe is a leader in a movement that empowers people in the developing world to build businesses that break the cycle of poverty. Growing enterprises generate jobs and other income opportunities for poor people, enabling them to improve their lives and secure better future for their families. Since its founding in 1968 the U.S. Based non profit organization has helped to create or expand thousands of businesses benefiting millions of people in more that 30 countries. The Financial Times has rated TechnoServe one of the top 5 NGOs for corporate partnerships. TechnoServes corporate partners include Cagill, Kraft, Nestle-Nespresso, Olam International, Peets Coffee and Tea and Unilever among others. Charity Navigator has also awarded his highest foster ranking to TechnoServe. since it was founded in 2000, GM Global Aid has facilitated millions of dollars in donations for disaster relief worldwide. Through this program, GM and it national and international business units and the GM Foundation can quickly direct vehicles, services, or supplies as well as monitory contributions to charitable organization assisting in local disaster relief efforts. An essential component of our disaster relief efforts are that which allows GM employees and others worldwide to contributes funds to disaster relief. On an occasion, contributions from our employees are matched by GM Foundation and their contributions helped in development. The company who knows that no one can effectively tackle child hunger alone, the challenges are too large and complex. Partnerships with other businesses, governmental and non governmental organizations and communities around the world are the best way to achieve our objectives. Together for child vitality builds on Unilevers long tradition of responsible corporate behavior, delivered through businesses firmly rooted in local communities all round the world. World food program brings to partnership more than 40 years experience in providing food assistance to people mostly mothers and children, in worlds poorest countries. The agency has unique knowledge of their nutritional needs and food habits, coupled with logistical expertise and extensive government and health authority relationships. World food program is the worlds larges humanitarian organizations, fighting hunger worldwide and has become the worlds largest provider for school meals and take-home rations for poor children: school meals attract children too school and boost primary school enrolment, attendance, performance and completion as education contributes to development. CONCLUSION This among other contributions of multinational corporations in Kenya and other third world countries has enabled them make tremendous step in development. The government with little assistance from these corporations has been able to efficiently serve its most needy and poor people and thus their contributions are highly relevant and may be credited to most of Kenyas achievement in development. Foreign aid can bring a lot of development if implemented in the right way. It has a lot of positive contributions to economic development.

The Intersection of Race, Sexual Orientation and Religion in the Gay Co

Intersectionality is a relevant theory for some gay, lesbian or bisexual individuals. Intersectionality studies "the relationships among multiple dimensions and modalities of social relationships and subject formations" (McCall, 2005). The theory argues, pursues and considers how gender, race, sexual orientation and other categories of identity interact on many and often concurring levels of social relationships, therefore allowing discrimination and social inequity. Intersectionality explains how the notion of social injustice, such as racism, sexism, homophobia, and belief-based bigotry such as religion are not independent of one another; instead, they are interconnected, and thereby reflect â€Å"intersectionality† in regards to social relationships. Humans are multifaceted beings; we move, maneuver and adjust, to present different and appropriate representations of ourselves to others, based on the circumstances. Perhaps we look for a reflection of ourselves within the groups with we associate. We strive to understand ourselves, in part by the people with whom we come in contact the most, namely our family, friends and co-workers. Race, sexual orientation and religion, individually, are hot bed topics of discussion, but how do each one of those issues, or all of them intersect in the life of someone who is gay, lesbian or bisexual, and how do those individuals manage those identities as they negotiate the multicultural experience that we call life? Does culture have an impact on the identity of homosexual persons? To what extent may devotion to a particular faith cause discordance between gay and religious identities? The research examines, and attempts to determine what effect racial identity, sexual orientation, an... ...d Participants of a Gay-Positive Church. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 39(3), 333. doi: 10. 1111/0021-8294. 00028 Schulte, L. J. , & Battle, J. (2004). The Relative Importance of Ethnicity and Religion in Predicting Attitudes Towards Gays and Lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 47(2), 127-142. doi: 10. 1300/J082v47n02_08 Tajfel, H. , & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds. ), The Social psychology of intergroup relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Pub. Walton, G. (2006). "Fag Church" : Men Who Integrate Gay and Christian Identities. Journal of Homosexuality, 51(2), 1-17. doi: 10. 1300/J082v51n02_01 Ward, E. G. (2005, September). Homophobia, hypermasculinity and the US black church. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 7(5), 493-504. doi: 10. 1080/13691050500151248

Indian Monsoon Essay

Remember the ‘Famine 1975!’ (?) – A bestseller by William and Paul Paddock which had created ripples throughout the world by their comments on the underdeveloped countries especially India. Their message was loud and clear â€Å"Let the (hopeless) Indians starve to death†. Humiliated by the inefficiency due to lack of advanced technology and inability to be self-dependent to feed the population drastic changes were implemented by then policy makers of Democratic Republican of India. Mr Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan led the crusade to make India self-sufficient by spreading the green revolution throughout India. Since then India has never looked back despite weak monsoons frequently. Impact of green revolution – So what led to the doomsday being averted? The modern practices in agriculture were implemented with newer technology. But the turning point was the introduction of high yielding variety of seeds which made the dependence on monsoon much less. The genetically modified seeds increased India’s production from 120 tonnes to 170 tonnes in a span of just one year. India also invested in agricultural universities to promote research in drought resistant seeds. Land reforms in that era resulted in the consolidation of small holdings which resulted in implementation of technology optimally. MS Swaminathan was instrumental in spreading the awareness rapidly regarding the ill effects of fertilizers and pesticides which eroded the quality of soil. New policies were implemented to make the credit supply for farmers easy and convenient. The cumulative effects of all these changes made sure India would not have to be completely dependent on monsoons in future. Initially the food grain production did increase with the implementation of green revolution but after ten years it reached its saturation. The food grain available per person reached its peak at 480 gms per person. The consumption of protein rich foods which were not dependent on agriculture increased simultaneously with growth of India’s economy. Although the penetration of superior foods among the lower strata of population was still insignificant but the consumption among the higher end of the society increased considerably. Implementation of PDS – The game changer however was the improved public distribution system. Monsoon in India is peculiar in the sense that the rainfall may be deficient in some areas whereas abundant in other. So the production also follows the same pattern being under target in the monsoon deficient areas whereas bumper production in the abundant monsoon areas. But the irony was that he food grain in the bumper production region were left to rot despite of the people starving in other regions. The rapid development of roads led to a better connectivity which ensures that the food grain output can be equitably distributed across India. So even if the monsoon being deficient in some areas the excessive output from other regions could be sent across to compensate or the low production. Improved irrigation – The dependence of agriculture on monsoon has declined over the years. Compared to 1965, when 67% of the agriculture was dependent on monsoon, only 40 % of the agriculture is dependent on rainfall today. The irrigation earlier was due to canals which were indirectly dependent on rainfall but now the irrigation is mostly by tube wells which are not dependent on monsoons. So a decline in monsoon won’t affect the production output drastically. India traditionally produces two crops, kharif and rabi. Kharif crops are cultivated in the monsoons and rabi crops are cultivated in the winters. So kharif crops are dependent on, whereas rabi crops are unaffected by, monsoons. Earlier the kharif crops accounted for three fourths of the total output but in the contemporary scenario the output of kharif and rabi crops are almost equal. So a deficient monsoon may change the output of kharif crops slightly but the rabi output won’t be affected. Inflation rendered ineffective – Weak monsoon will fuel inflation due to the supply and demand mismatch. The increase in level of prices will have some effect on other commodities as well. Having said that, as per the the PDS scheme the population under the BPL gets 35 kg of food grain every month. So the poor won’t be affected much by increase in the food inflation Effect on GDP – India’s agriculture contributed to around 52% of the total GDP in 1950. The investments in the manufacturing sector as well as the rise of Indian services sector led to decrease in the share of the agriculture in India’s GDP. Presently agriculture contributes only 14% to the GDP. So even if the production decreases due to weak monsoon its effect on the GDP will be negligible. Even 7% drop in the output, though very unlikely would decrease the GDP by only 1 %. Forex sufficiency – Earlier India received foodgrains on charity – primarily from USA, Australia and Canada. But dependencies have been worked upon. Scenarios have been mitigated. Today, India has $300 billion as foreign reserves and has earned enough forex reserves to buy food grains in times of emergency. The current reserves of the food grain stands at 80 million tonnes, so a situation of import is highly improbable. These all contribute as the major reasons which have ceased Indian-draughts & fickle monsoon conditions from being calamities anymore. Foodgrain availability remains as low as in the 1960s, despite the green revolution. But rapid GDP growth, by hugely boosting the share of services and industry in GDP, has made agriculture a relative pygmy, greatly reducing the economy’s monsoon dependence. Yet when everything is said and read, things aren’t as rosy as we have depicted above. There remains a catch : a drought may no longer mean mass starvation, but it still means food inflation!

Political And Economical Pressures Build The Media Content...

Political and economical pressures build the media content whether it being posted up in the newspapers, television and social media. A process that calls this, as said by Golding and Murdock (2007), is called the political economic theory. It is based on the findings whether communication is placed by an unbalanced portion of resources within the economic environment. Another definition, said by Mosco (1996), said that political economy is the analysis of how social divide the production, distribution and consumption of media. Out of the list of factors that shapes the media content these are the main points that plays a big part today: advertising, media ownership and political agendas. Each of the factors unfolds from one to the other. From showing advertisements on the screen and seeing who owns the companies and what kind of content is taking place. The viewers who are watching have only a limited information to see the truth or at least what the companies want it to be the tru th. Analysing what is happening currently, especially with US electing a new president, there is a realisation for what are the goals for these big corporations, it challenges whether they are just trying to make a profit or showcasing the democracy and the voices of the public and this could affect the behaviours and actions in society raising a major concern. Advertisements plays a big part in creating profit, manifesting an environment of consumerism and having the push from capitalists. 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