Political and Economical Developments in Asian Systems Essay

Political and Economical Developments in Asian Systems - Essay Example The kind of political system that exists in a nation also influence the kind of legal system that is followed in the country for example in china the judiciary follows orders from the state but in America or India judiciary is an independent body run by its own legal framework. Factors that Determine the Level of Economic Growth: There are several factors which determine the level of economic growth of a nation such as the 1) Investment – Countries such as China and India has seen a robust growth in investment over the past decade. 2) Human capital –India with its large numbers of English speaking crowd attracted outsourcing of back office jobs from western countries.3) Trade Barriers – Asian countries such as India and china which stayed away from market liberalization for a long time opened their gates for liberal trade since past two decades. 4) FDI and FII’s - Foreign direct investment and Foreign institutional investors plays an important role as thes e investment over a period of time results in self generated wealth creation within the country.

Poets of the 18th century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poets of the 18th century - Essay Example Likewise, Gulliver's adventures in Laputa illustrate Swift's negative opinion of the general value of science produced by the Royal Society as the scientists and doctors of the floating city continuously spend their time involved in meaningless pursuits that bring benefit to no one. Finally, in his fourth voyage, Gulliver's encounter with the Houyhnhnms creates a strong commentary on the true picture of human nature in which the conception of war has not even been considered, much less worked out to the fine science Gulliver describes to his astonished hosts. "Ironically Gulliver's Travels, a book thought by most people as a charming book of adventure popular with children, is one of the most powerful attacks ever made against man's wickedness and stupidity. Swift's book is full of personal, literary and political allusions" (Taralunga, 2003: 135). William Blake's poems typically focused on aspects of the human spirit as it comes in contact with authority figures, whether they be government or religious, as well as the joyful celebration of his idea of Christianity and humanity. As a result, his poems provided many with inspiration and hope in times that seemed overly chaotic as revolutions of various types were occurring on virtually every front and power structures were struggling to hold onto whatever controls they could. In "London" for example, a poem describing the way in which the human spirit had been shackled in 1794 when the poem had been written, Blake expresses an abiding belief in the unchristian nature of the restrictions on freedoms being experienced by the British people. The French Revolution had just occurred and sentiment in Britain had reached an all-time low as expressed in lines such as "How the chimney-sweepers cry" (9) and "' the hapless Soldiers sigh / Runs in blood down Palace walls" (11-12) in which it can be seen that even time-honored occupations such as chimney sweeps and soldiers had fallen into disrespect and despair. The red walls of the street depicted in the poem's illustration provide a subtle imagery of the British soldiers' and, by extension, the rest of the British population's plight. Although he is describing physical situations, "A mark in every face I meet / Marks of weakness, marks of woe" (3-4), he makes it clear that he is also discussing the state of the souls of people he meets, "In every voice; in every ban / The mind-forg'd manacles I hear" (7-8). 7. Write about one of the poets specifically and the subjects / themes he is best known for: Blake's dual nature of man; Burns's view of human position or importance; Wordsworth's child / man connection; Coleridge's flights of imagination; Shelley's willingness to bare his soul or his

Psychological Critical Perspective Essay Example for Free

Psychological Critical Perspective Essay The utilization of a psychological critical perspective in literature entails the utilization of a specific psychological perspective to be used in the assessment of the various elements within the text as they are related to both the author and the intended audience of the work. Bernard Paris (1997) states that the use of psychology in the analysis of a literary text enables us â€Å"to understand the behavior of characters in literature from the past, to enter into their feelings, and to enrich our knowledge of ourselves and others through an understanding of their inner conflicts and relationships† (p. xii). In line with this, what follows is a psychological analysis of the representations of life and death in Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex and Susan Glaspell’s Trifles. Within Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, the psychological representation of death is evident in the representation of the sphinx. The sphinx, as a mythical creature, represents perplexity and death. In its many versions, the sphinx may be said to be a representation of perplexity in its employment of riddles in its interaction with human beings. Furthermore, it may be said to be a representation f death since it is depicted as a creature that brings death [or at least bad luck or misfortune] to those who cannot solve its riddles. In Greek mythology and drama, this creature is depicted as a beast with a feminine gender. Though generally regarded as an unhappy monster, the sphinx also serves as a symbol of femininity, power and confusion. In Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, one may infer that in Greek tragedy, sufferings and tribulations are intertwined with the hero’s existence. To a certain extent, one may say that in the case of Oedipus Rex, the sphinx defines the existence of Oedipus; his ‘being a hero’, so to speak. The same holds true for the sphinx. In other words, the hero and the villain define each others’ being. Note for example that within the text itself, Oedipus’ existence is intertwined with the Sphinx in the sense that the Sphinx and hero are twin-born. In terms of its monstrosity, the sphinx is depicted in many ways. These depictions are as follows. In Oedipus Rex, she is depicted as a singing sphinx that has permitted the oversight of dark secrets as well as a winged maiden with crooked talons who sang darkly. Oedipus’ incapacity to discern both the oracle at Delphi and the true nature of the sphinx and its closeness to himself present us with a rather different view about human nature and the ancient Greeks’ belief in fate. The sphinx reminds us of two things. First, it reminds us of our inability to fully know ourselves because of human nature’s enigmatic character. Second, it poses significant questions with regards to human freedom and our capacity for choice. In other words, it toys on the idea whether freedom and choice are mere illusions that human beings would like to think that they possess when in fact, they do not. Within this context, life and death are represented within Oedipus Rex in such a way that it places emphasis on the difficulty of discerning the conditions of life. Such a difficulty is mirrored in the portrayal of the Sphinx as well as the Sphinx’s relation with the hero of the text. As opposed to this, Susan Glaspell portrays life and death differently in Trifles. Trifles recounts the tragedy that occurs within marriage during instances wherein there is an absence of homosocial dimensions in a woman’s life. Within the text, life and death are represented in such a way that they are made to be seen within the context of a masculine gaze. The reason for this lies in the subjectivity of the portrayal of both freedom and objectivity within the text. Consider for example the case of Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peter who both tried to conceal the evidence of Minnie’s crime. One might note that such a decision mirrors a certain amount of freedom on both characters’ part. Both characters may be said to possess freedom in the negative sense that they may choose to omit specific information that they have however the subjectivity of this freedom is evident if one considers that the psychological reason for omitting such an information may be traced to their embeddedness within a masculine point of view that requires them to maintain the existence of order within their immediate surroundings. Life and death, within Trifles, may be said to be determined by a patriarchal point of view. Such a point of view, however continuously contradicts the feminists perspective as can be seen in the controversies that arose as a result of Minnie’s death. References Bernard, P. (1997). Imagined Human Beings: A Psychological Approach to Character and Conflict in Literature. New York: NYU P. Glaspell, S. (2003). Trifles. Np: Thomson Wadsworth. Sophocles (1991). Oedipus the King: Oedipus Rex. Trans. George Young. London: Dover.

UCR vs NIBRS

UCR vs NIBRS Comparison of the Two Primary Crime Data Sources Used In the United States, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) The two primary sources of crime data employed in the United States of America to routinely monitor the nature and degree of crime are the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). The data for these two sources is gathered, organized and analyzed by various federal US agencies such as the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The data from these two sources is used by crime data analysts to determine the nature and intensity of various law breaches and to get information regarding the background, behavior and personality of the criminal offenders. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) consists of data collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from more than 17,000 local police departments throughout the USA. A much improved version of Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) is known as the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). The NIBRS holds an extremely large degree of information about vari ous crimes committed throughout the USA. The information contained within the NIBRS is organized in various complex ways. In the paragraphs to follow a detailed discussion will be carried, comparing and contrasting various important features of the UCR and the NIBRS. Contrasting Features of UCR and NIBRS Number of offenses tracked The number of offenses tracked is one of the most important points of differentiation between UCR and NIBRS. Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) records crime reported and arrests made for the 8 Part I offenses and reports arrest counts for Part II offenses while in the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Part I and Part II crime categorization was replaced by Group A and Group B offenses (Samaha, 2005). Uniform Crime Reports (UCR): The data collected from local police departments across the USA is used to compile Uniform Crime Reports (UCR). At the UCR this data is then categorized into two groups, Part I offense and Part II offense (Lynch Addington, 2006). The first group, Part I offense includes list of 8 index offenses including: Murder Rape Robbery (personal and commercial) Aggravated assault Burglary (household and commercial) Larceny-theft Motor vehicle theft Arson It is the responsibility of police department across the USA to record every reported occurrence of such crimes and then pass on the data to the FBI. At UCR the criminal data belonging to Part I offenses is further broken down in terms of the city, county, metropolitan area and the geographical division in which the incident occurred. All the other types of crimes which are of less serious nature and for which local police departments have little to no information are included in the list of Part II offenses. In totality UCR lists 21 crimes in the list of Part II offenses. Vandalism, drug trafficking, liquor law violation, fraud, embezzlement, gambling, suspicion, disorderly conduct, carrying and possessing weapons and other such crimes of non-violent nature and included among the list of Part II offenses. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): The most important point of difference between UCR and NIBRS is that in the NIBRS the classification of crimes in the form of Part I and Part II offenses is discarded in the favor of Group A and Group B classification of offenses. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) contains information on 46 Group A offenses that represent 22 index crime categories rather than only focusing on eight index offenses as in the case of UCR. The 22 Group A index crime offenses are listed below: Homicide (negligent manslaughter, murder/non-negligent manslaughter, justifiable homicide-It is not categorized as a crime) Forcible sex offenses Robbery Assault (Aggravated assault, simple assault and intimidation) Burglary (breaking and entering) Larceny (Theft offenses) Motor vehicle theft Arson Bribery Non-forcible sex offenses Counterfeiting/forgery offenses Destruction/damage/vandalism of victims property Drug/narcotic offenses Pornography/obscene material Prostitution Embezzlement Extortion/blackmail Fraud Gambling offenses Kidnapping/abduction Stolen property offenses Weapon law violations The Group B consists of 11 criminal offenses. This group covers all kinds and types of crimes not contained in the Group A offenses. Curfew/loitering/vagrancy Disorderly conduct Bad checks Drunkenness Driving under the influence Liquor law violations Trespassing Peeping Tom Nonviolent family offenses Runaways All other offenses Summary based versus Incident based reporting Uniform Crime Reports (UCR): The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) system is also known as the traditional system of reporting or the summary based reporting system. This system is based on tallying the total number of incidences for Part I offenses as well as summing together the total number of criminals arrested for committing both Part I and Part II offenses. In other words, UCR data consist of total crime counts or summary data of the crimes reported from police departments across the country. In the UCR summary data group is the unit of analysis; crime reports are only available for cities or counties and these may be summed up to determine aggregate level of crime across states and regions in the USA. This cumulative data is then submitted in the form of monthly summary reports to the FBI. It is for this reason UCR is also known as the summary reporting system (Department of Justice-FBI, 2004). The fundamental drawback of the summary based reporting system is that no distinct description is available for defining the nature of offense, the offenders and the victims. This flaw in UCR system is exposed whenever criminal analysis is done at the basic level focusing on individual crimes, offenders and victim as it is possible to sum up individual units of analysis to a higher level, but it is not possible to disaggregate large grouped data to the individual level. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): As compared to the UCR, National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is a very effective crime reporting system that collects data on each single criminal offense and arrest (Siegel Senna, 2007). This new system requires law enforcement agencies to submit at least a brief account of each criminal offense and the resulting arrests (Regoli, Hewitt, DeLisi, 2009). For each offense known to the local law enforcement authorities, information within the categories of incident, property, victim, offender and arrestee is gathered. In totality information for 53 data elements within a total of 22 crime categories is gathered (Cole, Smith, DeJong, 2012). The reports thus developed are highly detailed and meaningful and can prove to be highly beneficial for the local crime agencies. Armed with all-inclusive crime data these agencies can make a strong case against offensive criminals and serial law offenders. Revised Crime Definitions in the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) NIBRS revised some of the existing crime definitions found in the summary based reporting system (Hagan, 2003). For instance in the traditional UCR system, Manslaughter by Negligence was defined as The killing of another person through gross negligence whereas in the NIBRS the definition was altered to exclude the word gross, Manslaughter by Negligence is now defined as The killing of another person through negligence. Another point differentiating between UCR and NIBRS in this category is that in the UCR system Manslaughter by Negligence includes all kinds of traffic fatalities whereas in the NIBRS the definition was modified so that the sub-category of Homicide, Negligent Manslaughter now counts all traffic fatalities as negligent manslaughter except only the accidental traffic deaths (Vito Maahs, 2011). Within the Assault offense category the UCR does not provides a definition for the subcategory of intimidation. It is simply stated as an example of simple, not aggravated Part II offense. As compared to the summary reporting system the NIBRS provides a proper definition for intimidation. Hierarchy rule versus Individual offense reporting Uniform Crime Reports (UCR): The hierarchy rule employed by the traditional crime reporting system, Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) for classification of crimes resulted in a number of measurement errors. Under the domains of the hierarchy law if a criminal commits more than one offense in a single incident than only the most serious offense will be listed as the cause of the incident (Wilson, 2009). The example below taken from the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook effectively explains how the hierarchy rule operates (Maxfield Babbie, 2010). A thief broke into a home, stole several items, put them in the car which belonged to the owner of the property. Just when the burglar was about to leave the owner returned and took the thief by surprise who knocked the owner unconscious by hitting him in the head with a chair. The burglar then drove away in the owners car. Here the burglar committed a number of crimes the classification of these crimes according to the Hierarchy rule will be do ne as follows: Nature of crime Classification according to Part I and Part II offense system Burglary-Forced entry 5a Larceny-Theft 6 Motor Vehicle Theft 7a Aggravated Assault 4d Robbery-Other dangerous weapon 3c After classification of the burglars offenses only one offense, falling into the category of Robbery-Other dangerous weapon (3c) was described in the UCR. This offense was listed as Robbery since it is the most serious crime among the list of list of offenses committed by the burglar. The lesser offenses were not accounted in that years UCR totals. Thus, the validity and integrity of UCR is highly compromised for not counting all crimes committed in an incident (Regoli, Hewitt, DeLisi, 2011). National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): The hierarchy rule does not exist under the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Under the NIBRS local law enforcement agencies are required to submit detailed information about all offenses committed in a single incident (Paynich Hill, 2011). According to the handbook of NIBRS an incident is defined as one or more offenses committed by the same offender or group of offenders acting in concert, at the same time and place (Department of Justice -FBI, 2000). In each criminal occurrence NIBRS collects information on up to 10 offenses. This includes detailed information about the victim, the offender, any witnesses and the nature and type of the offense. The NIBRS also provides information about the circumstances under which the criminal offense took place and the known characteristics of the victim and the offender such as their age, sex, race and the relationship between them (Broder Tucker, 2011). If the example cited above, listed as Robbery under the UCR system, was reported under the NIBRS all the information concerning the nature of incident such as forced entry of the burglar, his act of stealing which includes stealing from home as well as vehicle theft, the injuries he caused upon the owner of the house and the date, time and location of the incident would have been reported (Walsh Hemmens, 2010). NIBRS is of great assistance to criminal analysts by providing complete information about a particular incident. Method of classifying crimes Uniform Crime Reports (UCR): The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) sorts crimes into two broad categories; crimes against persons which includes offenses such as murder, assault, robbery, domestic violence and aggravated assault. The second category, crimes against property includes offenses such as burglary, robbery, larceny-theft, vandalism, arson, auto theft, forgery and fraud. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): Like the summary reporting system, NIBRS distinguishes between crimes against persons and crimes against property, but unlike the UCR, NIBRS has included a third category of crime; the crimes against society. This new category was created to prohibit the people from engaging in morally degenerating activities. This category covers offenses such as gambling, drug violations, pornography/obscene material, prostitution and other such vice crimes (Rantala Edwards, 2000). These crimes are recorded as one offense per distinct operation. These crimes are also known as victimless crimes because these crimes are usually not committed against a person hence they cannot be listed in the category of crimes against persons. These crimes also cannot be labeled as a property crime since property is not the objective behind this category of crimes. Attempted versus completed crimes Uniform Crime Reports (UCR): No mechanism existed in the UCR system for distinguishing between crimes that were completed and crimes that were left in the middle or in other words, were left incomplete. This led to serious confusions as many attempted or incomplete crimes were reported in the manner as if they were complete. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): As compared to UCR, National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) makes a clear distinction between the attempted and completed crimes. In the NIBRS each criminal offense is labeled as either an A which stands for Attempted Crime or C which means a Completed Crime. Means for data correlation Uniform Crime Reports (UCR): Many criminal investigations require data analysts to draw various correlations between the gathered information. The major flaw of Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) is that it seriously lacks mechanisms for developing effective correlations among data on offenses, arrests and victims. The summary reporting system only enables data correlation in case of a homicide incident. In a homicide incident the UCR can correlate the age, race and sex of the criminal offender to the age, race and sex of the victim. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): As compared to the summary based reporting system, the NIBRS uses both explicit and implied linkages for calculating the degree of correlation between different types of data values. The explicit linkages are used to connect together data elements such as offenders, offenses, victims, property, arrestees to the criminal incidents (Department of Justice -FBI, 2004). The implicit linkage, on the other hand is used to draw linkage between all the offenders and victims in any criminal offense, since each criminal offender in any criminal incident indirectly or directly participates in the commission of offense against the victims. The availability of incident specific information from National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) means that law enforcement agencies can not only draw complicated relationships between victims and offenders but also can determine correlation between these relationships and the offense information; a funct ionality lacked by the summary based reporting system. Collection of Weapon Information Uniform Crime Reports (UCR): The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) only collects weapon information for criminal offenses such as murder, robbery and aggravated assault. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): As compared to the summary based reporting system, the NIBRS records weapon information for all violent criminal offenses (Cohen Wright, 2011). Establishing Victim-to-Offender Relationship Uniform Crime Reports (UCR): In the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) system the relationship of the victim to the offender (for example, the victim was the wife, husband, father, brother, son, employee or employer of the offender) is reported only in homicide events. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): As compared to the summary based reporting system, in NIBRS the victims relationship to the offender is reported for all crimes falling under the category of Crimes against Person i.e., murder offense, assault offense, kidnapping/abduction offense, robbery offense, domestic violence and aggravated assault offense. The relationship between victims to offenders is also reported in case of a robbery since one main element of the robbery offense is an assault which renders it be a violent crime (Department of Justice -FBI, 2000). Circumstance Reporting Uniform Crime Reports (UCR): In the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) system the circumstance data is collected only in case of a homicide offense. National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): In the modified crime reporting system, NIBRS, the circumstance data is collected only for homicides as well as aggravated assaults. Hotel Rule Uniform Crime Reports (UCR): According to the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) system the hotel rule states that whenever multiple units of a facility for e.g., a hotel are burglarized and the manager reports the incident to the police rather than individual occupants the police will count the multiple burglary incident as a single offense (Burgess, Regehr, Roberts, 2012). National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): In the NIBRS the hotel rule was modified and extended to mini-warehouses and self-storage warehouses. Advantages and disadvantages of UCR and NIBRS There are several advantages as well as disadvantages of both UCR and NIBRS. Some of them are compared as below. Advantages UCR NIBRS Extensive data coverage across various geographical areas. Separately reports each offense that occurs in a criminal incident. Special focus on crimes committed against law enforcement professionals. Four times more inclusive crime categories as compared to UCR. Standardized crime definitions. Contains victimization information. Disadvantages UCR NIBRS Hierarchy rule; reports only the most serious crime or event. Implementation of NIBRS across local police departments has been quite slow. Aggregates different offenses into same crime category. Participation in NIBRS requires increased data entry requirements. Measurement and reporting bias. NIBRS does not utilize data that constitute a representative sample of the population, states or law enforcement agencies. Implications of UCR and NIBRS The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) system has collected, categorized and presented crime figures for the greatest part of the twentieth century. The UCR system greatly assisted law enforcement organizations in compiling a huge database comprising of reliable crime statistics. In the twenty first century UCR program went through major revisions, it is now being replaced by a more comprehensive and detailed crime reporting system called National Incident-Based Reporting System. The implications of such an effective and efficiently developed crime reporting system are many, it is expected that the NIBRS system will prove to be a frontline weapon for law enforcement agencies across the country. Conclusion In the USA the two main sources for accessing criminal data are the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). The UCR was the old and outdated system for keeping criminal records which was replaced by the revised and updated NIBRS in 1989. There are a number of differences between the UCR and the NIBRS yet the most important difference is that UCR is basically a summary based reporting system while NIBRS reports criminal offenses at the incident level. The UCR collects data in a summary format also known as the aggregate or sum total methodology. The summary format for data collection meant that individual characteristics and circumstances of every criminal offense were lost. This problem was solved with the introduction of NIBRS system. The NIBRS not only collects aggregate data but also provides an effective methodology for maintaining the significance of each discrete unit of information. The computerized databases used by NIBRS greatl y assist criminal analysts and researchers in making specific crime related queries.

The Confusing Writing Style of John Berryman’s Dream Songs :: Dream Songs

The Confusing Writing Style of John Berryman’s Dream Songs John Berryman presents an interesting and somewhat confusing grouping of stories in his first twenty-six Dream Songs. The six line stanzas seem to reveal the dreams that Berryman has. The poems are written with poor grammar and have a very random rhyme scheme. They perplexed me greatly reading through them, as they seemingly have no order or plot. Beginning with the rhyme scheme of The Dream Songs, Berryman seems to follow no specific order. In the 8th song, Berryman uses the pattern abcabc, but in the 11th song he uses abccda throughout the three six-line stanzas. In many of the other sections he does not follow one pattern through all three stanzas. Also in some of them it seems as though he uses slant rhyme, using words that do not exactly rhyme but have strongly related sounds. One example of this slant rhyme occurs in the 5th song; â€Å"while the brainfever bird did scales; / Mr Heartbreak, the New Man, /come to farm a crazy land;/ an image of the dead on the fingernail† (7). With this example scales and fingernail and man and land present words that do not completely rhyme. Berryman’s random use of rhyme scheme correlates to the randomness of the entire work of the first section of his dream songs. The language that Berryman writes with in The Dream Songs also serves to complicate the work. He goes back and forth in using African American slang language and inverted English. He writes; â€Å"The enemy are sick, / and so is us of, Often rising trysts, / like this one, drove he out† (12). This phrase makes no sense grammatically and presents quite a challenge for the reader to paraphrase. Berryman also throws in an occasional phrase in another language, as he does in the 12th song; â€Å"Tes yeux bizarres me suivent† (14). This example just provides one more way in which Berryman makes his writing difficult to get through and even more difficult to understand.

Free Huckleberry Finn Essays: Race Relations :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Race Relations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Humans are fascinated with real life situations, tagged in with fictional story line.   Mark Twain’s novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, describes real life situations, in a fictional story line perfectly.   Twain put the real life happenings of slavery, in a fun and fictional story.   The novel is mainly about the racial relations between each human.   Classes of society, loyalty/friendship, and rebellion shows how the novel evolves into a main theme of Race Relations.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the history of the world, people have been placed into categories based on their wealth, and all of the worldly possessions that we have.   These classes of society can really make people talk, and act differently towards some people.   In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the novel shows these classes really well.   In the beginning of the novel, we see a little bit of the black class, and how they were treated.   â€Å"Miss. Watson’s big nigger, named Jim, was setting in the kitchen door, we could see him pretty clear† (14).   Jim, Miss. Watson’s run away slave in the story, is part of the black class.   We see the sub ordinance that blacks were placed in America, because blacks were not allowed to be in the house, because they were uneducated, and had to be working in the fields.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another example of the classes we put each other into is when Huck, the main character, and Jim were heading south.   Jim and Huck are sitting on the banks of the Mississippi River, and Jim says â€Å"I owns myself en I’s wuth eight hund’d dollars.† (54).   This shows the reader that blacks are so low, that the white people place prices on the blacks.   As uneducated as the blacks are, they believe they are worth so much money, because that is all they hear from their owners.   By doing such a thing to another human being, that degrades our country, and the black citizens themselves.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the end, we see how these classes can effect one person, due to his social status.   Like before, people say things to other people, to make themselves feel better, and they do not care what it does to the person they are talking about, because of their class in society.   One example of this is when â€Å"They cussed Jim considerably, though, and give him a cuff or two upside the head† (271).

Which Do You Think Contributes More to Personal Happiness

How one responds to a situation is a huge factor that contributes to personal happiness, for the state of happiness is achieved from accomplishing a certain goal. In the 18th century, the 13 colonies was in feud with its mother country, Britain; refusing to pay taxes without representation. George Washington, the General of the Continental Army, was hopeless and at the brink of surrender.Yet through the motivational articles such as Paine's Common Sense,† the establishment of the Declaration of Independence, and the arrival of the French, Washington's morale was boosted. At Yorktown, the Americans and French were able to force Cornwallis to surrender, and the war was finally over. Washing successfully accomplished his goal of leading the colonies to victory. This accomplishment of gaining independence not only gave the 13 colonies happiness, but mainly Washington as well.As a result of this happiness, the colonies were able to unite into the United States of America. One's resp onse in a situation definitely supports personal happiness. In the midst of my freshman year in high school, I was asked to help a friend who was struggling in the subject of Biology. After long hours throughout the week, he was finally able to interpret the information. The aftermath was successful and through my teachings, I understood the importance of happiness.Happiness allows me to feel not necessarily a higher being, rather like an older brother who is helping. This enlightenment taught me that happiness can only be achieved by how one reacts to a certain event. In this particular case, because I helped a friend understand the subject of Biology, I fulfilled a good deed, and therefore rewarded with happiness. Although society always seeks for happiness, it not a feeling that can be forced, rather obtain through good deeds and accomplishments.